LA EPISTEMOLOGÍA REALISTA Y LOS MÉTODOS MIXTOS. ¿UNA VÍA PARA COMPLEMENTAR LA INVESTIGACIÓN CUALITATIVA?

Abstract

This article is a reflection on the use of mixed methods, from a realistic and pragmatic epistemological position, for the construction of knowledge in the analysis of complex problems. The case of a small Mexican company dedicated to the commercialization of industrial electrical appliances, which faced a problem of continuity in its operations, putting its survival at risk, is analyzed. The main questions in the reflection were: What epistemological position can we use when facing complex problems studied from a subjective point of view? Is qualitative methodology sufficient to provide validity, or is complementarity required? We intervened in the objective world of the organization by measuring performance and its indicators, and in the subjective world through a research-intervention process whose objective was to help individuals build a defined project, in this case, the continuity and survival of the organization. Focus groups were used to analyze performance phenomena and construct meanings around the company. The main results, based on mixed methods, were the integration and joint discussion of quantitative and qualitative data for the research intervention to make inferences from all the information gathered (called meta-inferences), achieve a better understanding of the phenomenon under study, and transform the organization. The bases of realist epistemology provide a complementary vision when dealing with the complex, especially when this complexity arises from individuals' interpretation. In the case of the study and intervention in organizations, from a positivist perspective, such study is limited to improving their performance as ideal models, without involving a reflection of both the researcher and the organizational actors.