##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

Fraulein Pimentel-Tormon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2581-4038

Michael Joseph S. Diño https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1493-2549

Jeffy Francis https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7851-523X

Enrika Espiritu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7346-6491

Rinabelle Ricci Garcia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1927-1444

Janta-Utsa Patomchai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5887-7388

Emrat Sasina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1602-0108

Jitsaeng Patwira https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8723-9334

Jonnagaddala Jitendra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-747X

Joshi Apoorva Madhukar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6370-7896

Juluri Sahith https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4753-5358

Kaewpamorn Ukrit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6412-6102

Kulsu Panlapa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0452-0869

Kumluea Chutinun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3511-9784

Abstract

Introduction: Early in the pandemic, older people were identified as one of the most vulnerable population. More than 80% of deaths occur in adults over the age of 65. Several conditions have been clearly established to protect the elderly, such as banning visits to nursing homes. Therefore, it is important to fully understand how this pandemic has affected the elderly. This study covers the negative effects on the physical and mental health of the elderly during COVID-19 pandemic.


Methodology: A systematic review of the literature to identify COVID-19 papers with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, BioMed Central (BMC) and Frontier in 2020 and 2021. Included studies are those that investigate the psychological and physical impact on elderly (>=60 years old) resulting from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Unrelated, duplicated, unavailable full texts/abstract-only papers, and studies that analyzed mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of alcohol and other drugs are excluded.


Results: A total of 12 studies are included out of 352. Impact of COVID-19 on physical health to elderly were weight loss, lesser time of exercise, decreased social activities, increased respiratory and heart diseases, and increased mortality. On the other hand, identified impact on mental health were higher depression, anxiety, fear of acquiring COVID due to irresponsible younger generations, discrimination and isolation, increased levels of loneliness, and generalized anxiety.


Conclusion: The findings summarized in this review suggest that older adults experienced negative consequences for the ongoing pandemic, both physically and mentally. This information will be useful to responsible institutions when acting and making decisions for elderly regarding health care access and public health measures.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

Section
Empirical Articles

How to Cite

Pimentel-Tormon, F., Michael Joseph S. Diño, Jeffy Francis, Enrika Espiritu, Rinabelle Ricci Garcia, Janta-Utsa Patomchai, Emrat Sasina, Jitsaeng Patwira, Jonnagaddala Jitendra, Joshi Apoorva Madhukar, Juluri Sahith, Kaewpamorn Ukrit, Kulsu Panlapa, & Kumluea Chutinun. (2022). The Negative Impact of COVID-19 on Elderly: A Systematic Review. New Trends in Qualitative Research, 11(-), e543. https://doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.11.2022.e543
References

Araújo, M., Nunes, V., Costa, L., Souza, T., Torres, G., & Nobre, T. (2021). Health conditions of potential risk for severe Covid-19 in institutionalized elderly people. PLOS ONE, 16(1), e0245432. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245432

Balasundaram, P., Libu, G., George, C., & Chandy, A. (2020). Study on the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on health care and psychosocial aspects of elderly in Kerala State. Journal Of The Indian Academy Of Geriatrics, 16(3), 101. doi: 10.4103/jiag.jiag_3_20

Banerjee D. (2020). 'Age and ageism in COVID-19': Elderly mental health-care vulnerabilities and needs. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 102154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102154

Barth, N., Guyot, J., Fraser, S., Lagacé, M., Adam, S., & Gouttefarde, P. et al. (2021). COVID-19 and Quarantine, a Catalyst for Ageism. Frontiers In Public Health, 9. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.589244

Donovan, N., & Blazer, D. (2020). Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults: Review and Commentary of a National Academies Report. The American Journal Of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(12), 1233-1244. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.08.005

Fischer, F., Raiber, L., Boscher, C., & Winter, M. H. (2020). COVID-19 and the Elderly: Who Cares?. Frontiers in public health, 8, 151. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00151

Grolli, R., Mingoti, M., Bertollo, A., Luzardo, A., Quevedo, J., Réus, G., & Ignácio, Z. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 in the Mental Health in Elderly: Psychological and Biological Updates. Molecular Neurobiology, 58(5), 1905-1916. doi: 10.1007/s12035-020-02249-x

Hong, Q. N. (2018). Revision of the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT): A mixed methods study (Doctoral dissertation). Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal.

Inbar Levkovich, Shiri Shinan-Altman, Neta Essar Schvartz, Mordechai Alperin, 2021. (2021). Depression and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Elderly Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel: A Cross-sectional Study. Journal Of Primary Care & Community Health. https://doi.org/10.1177/2150132721995448

Martins Van Jaarsveld G. (2020). The Effects of COVID-19 Among the Elderly Population: A Case for Closing the Digital Divide. Frontiers in psychiatry, 11, 577427. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.577427

Javed, B., Sarwer, A., Soto, E. B., & Mashwani, Z. U. (2020). The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic's impact on mental health. The International journal of health planning and management, 35(5), 993–996. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3008

Johnson, M., Saletti-Cuesta, L., Tumas, N. (2020). Emotions, concerns, and reflections regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina, https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.10472020

Joseph, J., Das, K., Dhal, S., Sehrawat, T., Reshamia, S., & Huria, G. (2020). Mental health concerns related to COVID19 outbreak in the middle-aged and elderly population: A web-based, cross-sectional survey from Haryana, North India. Journal Of Geriatric Mental Health, 7(2), 100. doi: 10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_22_20

Kwan, R., Lee, P., Cheung, D., & Lam, S. (2021). Face Mask Wearing Behaviors, Depressive Symptoms, and Health Beliefs Among Older People During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers In Medicine, 8. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.590936

Mueller, A. L., McNamara, M. S., & Sinclair, D. A. (2020). Why does COVID-19 disproportionately affect older people?. Aging, 12(10), 9959–9981. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103344

Nguyen HC, Nguyen MH, Do BN, Tran CQ, Nguyen TT, Pham KM, et al. People with suspected COVID-19 symptoms were more likely depressed and had lower health-related quality of life: the potential benefifit of health literacy. J Clin Med. (2020) 9:965. doi: 10.3390/jcm9040965

Petersen, M.W., Dantoft, T.M., Jensen, J.S. et al. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on mental and physical health in Denmark – a longitudinal population-based study before and during the first wave. BMC Public Health 21, 1418 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11472-7

Schweda, A., Weismüller, B., Bäuerle, A., Dörrie, N., Musche, V., & Fink, M. et al. (2021). Phenotyping mental health: Age, community size, and depression differently modulate COVID-19-related fear and generalized anxiety. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 104, 152218. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152218

Sikali K. (2020). The dangers of social distancing: How COVID-19 can reshape our social experience. Journal of community psychology, 48(8), 2435–2438. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22430

Stolz, E., Mayerl, H., & Freidl, W. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 restriction measures on loneliness among older adults in Austria. European journal of public health, 31(1), 44–49. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa238

Tee M, Wang C, Tee C, Pan R, Reyes PW, Wan X, Anlacan J, Tan Y, Xu L, Harijanto C, Kuruchittham V, Ho C and Ho R (2021) Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical and Mental Health in Lower and Upper Middle-Income Asian Countries: A Comparison Between the Philippines and China. Front. Psychiatry 11:568929. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.568929

Thyrian, J., Kracht, F., Nikelski, A., Boekholt, M., Schumacher-Schönert, F., & Rädke, A. et al. (2020). The situation of elderly with cognitive impairment living at home during lockdown in the Corona-pandemic in Germany. BMC Geriatrics, 20(1). doi: 10.1186/s12877-020-01957-2

Tyndall, J. AACODS Checklist. Flinders University, 2010. Available from http://dspace.flinders.edu.au/dspace/

Wang C, Tee M, Roy AE, Fardin MA, Srichokchatchawan W, Habib HA, et al. (2021) The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health of Asians: A study of seven middle income countries in Asia. PLoS ONE 16(2): e0246824. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246824

Wei, C., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. et al. Clinical characteristics and manifestations in older patients with COVID-19. BMC Geriatr 20, 395 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01811-5