Análise de discurso aplicada a investigação qualitativa: Perspectiva metodológica em debate

Abstract

In Michel Pêcheux's discourse analysis (DA) there is no pre-established methodological procedure, which may generate uncertainty regarding its application. In this type of investigation, it is the theoretical assumptions that determine the method, leaving it to the analyst to trace his path. However, this process is not always visualized in the investigation. When reflecting on this aspect, the present work aims to problematize the explicit existence (or not) of a research methodology in DA and to identify the main methodological elements that are pointed out by discourse analysts. This is a qualitative-bibliographic investigation that uses as a method the historical materialism. The corpus was made up of six scientific articles. The analysis procedure included the realization of a mapping seeking regularities and singularities in the analyzed material. The results point to two types of methodological interpretation: one is a “generic way”, without explaining the procedure performed; and the other, giving visibility to it. The article concludes that it is possible to describe a methodological analysis procedure; not as an application of a technique, but as an investigation process in which the theoretical device is inseparable from the analytical one.