Therapeutic Programmes for Post-Infarction or At-Risk Patients: A Scoping Review
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https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3179-3799
Adriana Taveira
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6807-5119
Ana Paula Macedo
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-3523
Abstract
The cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, mainly due to the increased prevalence of acute myocardial infarction, with a real burden on the health system and the quality of life of the person being cared for. The development of preventive interventions to improve self-management of the disease seems to be positively correlated with greater health gains. However, there is a diversity of practices that do not consider the individual needs of the person and are insufficient to promote their empowerment. To describe secondary prevention therapeutic programs for post-AMI patients and families, identifying and evaluating exemplary approaches for their implementation. Scoping review structured by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) 2021 guidelines and the PCC mnemonic: population, concept and context. Search conducted in the Scopus-Elsevier, PubMed and Web of Science databases between September 2022 and November 2023. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed studies published in English, Spanish or Portuguese between 2006 and 2023. Protocol registered with the Open Science Framework. The 46 articles from 24 countries were included. Quality of life, levels of satisfaction, adherence to the therapeutic regime (nutrition, medication, physical exercise), health literacy, health costs, length of stay, mortality and morbidities were the main outcomes reported. These programs should be personalized, more accessible and adjusted to patients' emotional and informational needs. It is important to integrate innovative care models into the design of new cardiac rehabilitation programs, such as telerehabilitation. There is a need to expand qualitative and mixed research in this field, with a special focus on population minorities and the implementation of cost-effectiveness evaluations.
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