Covid-19, confinamento e teletrabalho: Estudo qualitativo do impacto e adaptação psicológica em dois estados de emergência
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Introdução Desde o primeiro caso de Sars-Cov-2 reportado, os estudos realizados, indicam o impacto negativo na saúde mental, com níveis elevados de medo, ansiedade e sintomas depressivos. Em Portugal, a percentagem de morbilidade mental é elevada. Ter baixo rendimento económico, ser jovens e mulher aumenta o risco de vulnerabilidade psicossocial. Poucos estudos focam as vivências subjetivas e os processos de adaptação em diferentes fases da pandemia; Objetivos Aceder ao impacto psicológico do confinamento devido à COVID-19 e processo de adaptação na I e III Fases da pandemia (Abril/2020-Janeiro/2021) mediante a realização online de entrevistas semiestruturadas; Métodos As entrevistas de dez portugueses em teletrabalho foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas recorrendo à metodologia IPA e análise Lexical com Alceste®, permitindo cruzar os resultados atestando a validade das temáticas consensuais; Resultados As classes da análise lexical comprovam os temas emergentes da IPA. Os participantes em teletrabalho, experienciam impacto laboral, familiar e social, sentimentos negativos e dificuldades no equilíbrio trabalho-vida/família, adotando estratégias de adaptação psicológica eficazes desde o início da pandemia. No segundo confinamento, relevam menor ansiedade, mas maior desgaste, frustração, adaptando as estratégias de autorregulação ao longo do tempo; Conclusões Ao identificarem as dificuldades e impacto negativo do confinamento, os participantes adotaram intuitivamente estratégias adaptativas de autorregulação cognitiva, comportamental e emocional diferentes ao longo do tempo, em prol da sua saúde mental e bem-estar. Apresentamos um modelo da evolução do impacto psicológico e processo de adaptação em dois confinamentos, possivelmente relevante no delineamento de medidas mais humanizadas e programas de prevenção/intervenção psicológica de proximidade.
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Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0.
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