A INVESTIGAÇÃO QUALITATIVA E O DESENHO DE INTERVENÇÕES EM SAÚDE
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Resumo
O desenho de intervenções em saúde é complexo, quando se pretende garantir a evidência, mais recente, e simultaneamente responder às necessidades da pessoa, suas expectativas e preferências, permitindo centrar e integrar o cuidado no indivíduo. Objetivos: Debater o contributo da investigação qualitativa no desenho de intervenções em saúde. Métodos Este artigo pretende responder à questão: ‘Quais os contributos da pesquisa qualitativa para o desenho de intervenções na saúde? A partir da revisão da literatura os autores refletem a importância dos estudos qualitativos para permitir a integração das necessidades, experiências e dificuldades das pessoas em áreas tão complexas como o autocuidado, a mudança comportamental ou adesão ao regime terapêutico. Resultados A investigação qualitativa é um contributo para o desenho de intervenções na saúde, suportando não só o seu desenvolvimento como também a avaliação e a implementação, pelo entendimento das questões relativas à transferência de conhecimento, à teorização de mecanismos de ação e à compreensão de como o contexto influencia e a aceitabilidade das intervenções. Esta afirmação é um repto para o uso de métodos para entender aspetos relativos à tomada de decisão das pessoas (quem recebe e quem implementa a intervenção), do contexto, modos de implementação e mecanismos da intervenção e outros elementos das intervenções que não sendo tão observáveis e prontamente mensuráveis, influenciam os resultados sensíveis aos cuidados de saúde. A abordagem dos cuidados centrados na pessoa implica que os métodos usados no design de intervenções sejam centrados na pessoa através da investigação qualitativa. Conclusões. A investigação qualitativa tem um papel fundamental na compreensão das expectativas, experiências e comportamentos das pessoas alvo das intervenções, contribuindo desta forma para uma prática baseada na evidência.
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Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0.
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